TONE SANDHI Patterns across Chinese dialects

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Chen, Matthew Y. Tone sandhi: patterns across Chinese dialects / Matthew Y. Chen. p. cm. – (Cambridge studies in linguistics) Includes bibliographical references. Contents Preface page xi Notational conventions xvii 1 Setting the stage 1 1 Languages and dialects of China 1 2 Historical background 4 3 Tone patterns in present day dialects 13 4 Tones in context 19 5 Synchronic relevance of diachrony 38 6 Citation tone, base tone, sandhi tone 49 2 Tonal representation and tonal processes 53 1 Tonal representation 53 2 The autosegmental status of tone 57 3 Tonal geometry and the typology of spread/shift rules 63 4 Dissimilation and substitution 79 5 Neutralization and differentiation 84 Appendix Tone features 96 3 Directionality and interacting sandhi processes I 98 1 The nature of the problem 98 2 Tianjin: directionality effect 105 3 A derivational account 110 4 Constraints on derivation? 118 5 A non-derivational alternative 122 6 Cross-level constraints 134 7 Harmonic serialism 140 8 Concluding remarks 147 vii 4 Directionality and interacting sandhi processes II 150 1 Changting: preamble 150 2 Temporal Sequence and No-Backtracking 153 3 Temporal sequencing vs. structural affinity 158 4 Derivational economy and structural complexity 165 5 Concluding remarks 172 5 From base tones to sandhi forms: a constraint-based analysis 174 1 Background 176 2 Parallel constraint satisfaction 179 3 Constraint ranking 186 4 Opacity 201 5 Competing strategies 209 Appendix Sandhi forms of disyllabic compounds (New Chongming dialect) 218 6 From tone to accent 219 1 Shanghai: an aborted accentual system? 220 2 New Chongming: an emergent accentual system 225 3 Culminative accent 232 4 Saliency and Edgemostness 244 5 Prosodic weight and recursive constraint satisfaction 253 6 Tonic clash 267 7 Semantically determined prominence 277 8 Leveling 280 7 Stress-foot as sandhi domain I 285 1 The phonological status of stress in Chinese 286 2 Stress-sensitive tonal phenomena 295 3 Shanghai: stress-foot as sandhi domain 306 8 Stress-foot as sandhi domain II 320 1 Wuxi: stress shift 320 2 Danyang: asymmetric stress clash 325 3 Nantong: stress-foot and p-word 341 9 Minimal rhythmic unit as obligatory sandhi domain 364 1 Minimal rhythmic units 366 2 A two-pass MRU formation 380 viii Contents 3 The syntactic word 386 4 The phonological word 396 5 Summary 403 6 The prosodic hierarchy 404 …